Este artículo examina la aparición de motivos distópicos en la obra de Ricardo Piglia. Se discuten las afirmaciones sobre narración y poder en “Teoría del complot” y otros ensayos del autor, y las referencias a poder policial y narración en Los diarios de Emilio Renzi y La ciudad ausente. Esto, para señalar que Piglia adelanta una lectura distópica de la historia argentina y latinoamericana. Tal lectura tiene sus bases visuales y narrativas en una tradición novelística y cinematográfica distópica que (...) no ha sido suficientemente reconocida en los trabajos sobre el escritor argentino. Con la reciente publicación de los Diarios y la aparición póstuma de libros de conferencias y entrevistas de Piglia, esa línea de lectura cobra relevancia. (shrink)

La constitución dogmática sobre la Iglesia del concilio Vaticano II profundiza en las relaciones entre la Tercera Persona de la Santísima Trinidad y la Virgen María. La santidad original de la Virgen, formada por el Espíritu Santo como nueva criatura, requerirá de ella una actitud activa y consciente, como colaboradora única en su obra. De este modo, la Madre de Dios aparece con las notas de “Casa de Dios”, “Theotokos” y “Madre de la Iglesia”. La obra de H. Mühlen se (...) convierte en referencia canónica obligada para la recta comprensión de esa relación pneumatológica. (shrink)

IntroductionCerebral visual impairment results from damage to cerebral visual processing structures. It is the most common cause of pediatric visual impairment in developed countries and rising in prevalence in developing nations. There is currently limited understanding on how neurologic, developmental, and ophthalmic factors predict outcome for pediatric CVI.MethodA retrospective manual chart review of pediatric CVI patients seen at the tertiary pediatric hospital neurology and neuro-ophthalmology service between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. Patients were stratified into severity groups, and followed over (...) time to identify outcome predictors. Collected baseline characteristics included perinatal, genetic, developmental, and neurologic history, along with neuroimaging and fundoscopic findings on examination. Longitudinal data collected included age, seizure control, and type of therapy received. Linear mixed-effect models were used for longitudinal CVI grade outcome analysis.ResultsA total of 249 individuals spanning 779 patient visits were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 18.8 ± 16.8 months. About 64.3% were born at term age. Perinatal history revealed hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in 16.5%, intraventricular hemorrhage in 11.6%, and seizures in 21.7%. At presentation, 60.3% had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and 84.7% had developmental delay. Among all subjects, 78.6% had epilepsy; 33.8% had an epileptic encephalopathy, with spasms/hypsarrhythmia being most common. Abnormal neuroimaging was present in 93.8%. Genetic anomalies were present in 26.9%. Baseline visual examination revealed no blink-to-light in 24.5%; only BTL in 34.5%, fixation/tracking in 26.5%, and optokinetic drum follow in 14.4%. Longitudinal data analysis showed that perinatal history of HIE, a positive epilepsy history, using multiple epilepsy medications, cerebral palsy, and abnormal fundoscopic findings were all negatively associated with CVI grade change over time. After controlling for significant confounders, receiving any type of therapy [early childhood intervention, physical and occupational therapy, refractive error correction or glasses] was significantly associated with longitudinal improvement in CVI grade compared to patients who did not receive any therapy, with glasses yielding the largest benefit.ConclusionThis study offers extensive insights into neurologic, developmental and ophthalmologic features in patients with moderate to severe CVI. In concordance with previous findings, aspects of perinatal history and epilepsy/seizure control may help inform severity and prognosis in the general neurology or ophthalmology clinic. Conversely, these aspects, as well as genetic and specific epilepsy traits may alert vision health care providers in the clinic to pursue visual evaluation in at-risk individuals. Longitudinal follow-up of CVI patients showed that interventional therapies demonstrated vision function improvement greater than no therapy and maturational development. (shrink)

Despite the recent attention given to moral character in moral psychology and moral philosophy, there is little evidence on how the folk concept of character is structured. Virtue ethics literature...

Background:The acquisition of experience is a major concern for nurses in intensive care units. Although the emotional component of the clinical practice of these nurses has been widely studied, greater examination is required to determine how this component influences their learning and practical experience.Objective:To discover the relationships between emotion, memory and learning and the impacts on nursing clinical practice.Research design:This is a qualitative phenomenological study. The data were collected from open, in-depth interviews. A total of 22 intensive care unit nurses (...) participated in this research between January 2012 and December 2014.Ethical considerations:The School of Nursing Ethics Committee approved the study, which complied with ethical principles and required informed consent.Findings:We found a clear relationship between emotion, memory and the acquisition of experience. This relationship grouped three dimensions: (1) satisfaction, to relieve the patient’s pain or discomfort, give confidence and a sense of security to the patient, enable the presence of family members into the intensive care unit and provide family members with a realistic view of the patient’s situation; (2) error experience, which nurses feel when a patient dies, when they fail to accompany a patient in his or her decision to abandon the struggle to live or when they fail to lend support to the patient’s family; and (3) the feel bad–feel good paradox, which occurs when a mistake in the patient’s care or handling of his or her family is repaired.Conclusion:Emotion is a capacity that impacts on nurses’ experience and influences improvements in clinical practice. Recalling stories of satisfaction helps to reinforce good practice, while recalling stories of errors helps to identify difficulties in the profession and recognise new forms of action. The articulation of emotional competencies may support the development of nursing ethics in the intensive care unit to protect and defend their patients and improve their relationships with families in order to maximise the potential for patient care. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 107 Heft: 3 Seiten: 429-450.

The family of discounted Shapley values is analyzed for cooperative games in coalitional form. We consider the bargaining protocol of the alternating random proposer introduced in Hart and Mas-Colell. We demonstrate that the discounted Shapley values arise as the expected payoffs associated with the bargaining equilibria when a time discount factor is considered. In a second model, we replace the time cost with the probability that the game ends without agreements. This model also implements these values in transferable utility games, (...) moreover, the model implements the α\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha $$\end{document}-consistent values in the nontransferable utility setting. (shrink)

In a range of peace process scenarios, the expert’s knowledge has become a fundamental tool for generating information systems as a mechanism for the storage and circulation of data. These information artifacts are supposed to faithfully document situations of human rights violations and contribute to the design of public policy and the construction of collective memory. Following Latour’s (1993) original coinage of the term coproduction, this paper analyzes how the Inter-Institutional System of Information for Justice and Peace (SIIJYP)1 was designed (...) to define victims of war and means of reparation from the State in Colombia. From an actor network theory perspective, we explain how victimizers become the main beneficiaries of the application of the SIIJYP. To comprehend this unintended social impact of the technological artifact and how it becomes an artifact that functions as an aseptic mediator of the historical-judicial truth, and the policy of transitional justice, we examine the relations between human and nonhuman actors, how information is collected, organized, hierarchized, and negotiated, as well as the consequences of the technical and legal construction of the notion of victims of war. (shrink)

Considerando la definición viquiana de "ingenio", se analizan las relaciones entre necesidad, ingenio, lenguaje metafórico y poesía religiosa en la retórica ingeniosa española antes de Vico. Se replantea con ello la capacidad primordial del lenguaje metafórico y el valor propio del filosofar ingenioso frente al saber racional y deductivo, interpretando el ingenio en su justa apreciación humanista de función originaria en la constitución del mundo humano y la historia, del lenguaje y el saber retórico-filosófico.Considering Vico's definition of ingenium, the relationship (...) between necessity, ingenium, metaphor, and religious poetry is analyzed in the ingenious Spanish rhetoric of before Vico. The primordial capacity of metaphor is raised again, along with the real value of the ingenious philosophizing in the face of rational and deductive knowledge, interpreting ingenium through the humanist appreciation of original function in the make-up of the human world and history, of language and rhetorical-philosophical knowledge. (shrink)

No deja de llamar la atención que un autor considerado como subversivo y expulsado de su comunidad, sea después de todo el creador de los límites del estado político. Pareciera que debía haber sido el destructor de todo orden, cuando es precisamente el inspirador de un orden y además limitado. Su concepción del estado político no supone, como en Hobbes, el abandono del estado de naturaleza, sino la metamorfosis de este último en el primero, ya que aquello que se modifica, (...) el estado natural, permanece en lo modificado, el estado político. Reconoce que únicamente en la medida en que no es posible asegurar nuestra pervivencia en el estado natural por sí solo, es por lo que se requiere la institucionalización del estado político, aunque éste no puede construirse rompiendo con la razón de su creación que no es sino el aseguramiento de nuestra pervivencia física, el incremento de nuestra riqueza y la generación de las condiciones que hagan posible el cultivo de la razón. Las ideas de un autor como Spinoza fueron relevantes para resolver el problema de la fundamentación del Estado desde los inicios de la modernidad. Su presencia en la reflexión jurídico-política occidental impresiona, está desde el comienzo, con Hobbes, pero contra Hobbes, y además destacando la insuficiencia del núcleo central de la argumentación hobbesiana, en la medida en que la libertad de pensamiento exigirá para Spinoza la libertad de expresión. Desde entonces no dejará de acompañarnos, si bien de manera larvada, pues cada vez que se acercaron a justificar de una u otra manera el orden jurídico-político, la sombra de Spinoza puede entreverse. Spinoza pergeña el orden moderno, lo traza, aunque también es verdad que a partir de ese momento intentaron olvidarlo, en el sentido en que la mayor parte de los grandes autores, Kant y Hegel por ejemplo, si bien no frenaron sus propuestas, aunque a veces uno piensa que sí que lo hicieron, lo que es cierto es que no desarrollaron aquello que Spinoza dejó en ciernes. (shrink)

La primera cuestión a plantear en la resolución de conflictos es la percepción que las partes tienen de éste. Nos centraremos en el análisis del caso «0», en el cual las partes, o al menos una de ellas, no percibe o se niega a percibir el conflicto. Proponemos que este paso sea primero y prioritario para cualquier análisis de resolución de conflictos.

It is commonly assumed that the concept of mechanism is a keytool for the scientific understanding of observable phenomena. However, there is no single definition of mechanism in the current philosophy of science. In fact, philosophers have developed several characterizations of what seemed to be a clear intuitive concept for scientists. In this paper, I will analyze these philosophical conceptions of mechanism, highlighting their problematic aspects and proposing a new mechanistic approach based on the idea that the pertinent levels of (...) organization for a mechanistic explanation can be identified with intervals of quasi-decompositionality. I argue that this approach allows us to consider that activities are directly derived from the entities’ structure. Consequently, a mechanistic explanation implies an arbitrary but not capricious choice of an organizational level. According to this approach, inter-level causation is merely apparent and there is no place for emergent properties. (shrink)

La experiencia política que sustentó la Polis clásica, pareció a quienes reflexionaron filosóficamente sobre ella, inevitable e incluso natual; desde la filosofía contemporánea se la puede considerar, además, existenciaria y aporética. En la Atenas del siglo V a.C. encontramos fórmulas políticas que ponen de manifiesto la fuerza que, en la expresión de lo público, tienen las vivencias estéticas, el mito y la metáfora. Llama la atención en ellas la aspiración a perfeccionar los modos humanos de pervivir, convivir y pertenecer según (...) modelos vitales (fisicistas, corpóreos, familiares...). (shrink)

At work a characterization of the sins of word, i.e., those transgressions in which predominated orality, to understand what was the place that was assigned occurs within a legal framework that tended to control activities individuals and the reason why he was persecuted. At first, it shows what modifications of Christian thought that allowed for specific classifications of sins were, as a result of the emergence of Thomism, and the predominance of an ethical supported by the Decalogue, he began to (...) speak of sins in thought, word, and deed. In researching the mechanisms that the Catholic Church used to control the use of the word they are also presented. The aim was to have strict control of the word to avoid misconceptions, ideas that could break the building and doctrinal belief system from spreading. Freedom of thought, doubt or disbelief were not permissible in a scheme that sought to impose their world view and, therefore, could not allow dissent or questioning of paradigms. (shrink)

Azorín se confiesa pequeño filósofo. Con discurso sencillo y diáfano contempla fenomenolgicamente los pequeños detalles para conocer la idea de las cosas. Le atrae la belleza, se preocupa por la vida, el paso del tiempo, la dimensión estética, afirmando la vida con intensa sensibilidad y el sentimiento de la naturaleza. Cita preferentemente a Montaigne, Schopenhauer y Nietzsche. Siente el pesimismo, la indolencia de la voluntad y la nada, que refleja en el coloquio de los canes.

This article tries to show the ambivalence of the hegelian idea of Europe. On the one hand, Hegel has always appeared as too eurocentric, even for his time. But, on the other hand, he´s still a thinker who investigates very deeply the traits of the European identity, of its historical roots and of its formative process.

La cultura procede de la vida y debe fomentar la vida. No basta el conocimiento científico intelectualizado, sino un saber humanístico. Nietzsche prefiere el saber meridional --provenzal-gay saber-- de los trovadores. A veces con sentido trágico, siempre acentuando la dimensión estética. Arte, creación y comunicación.

Aunque se ha caracterizado el pensamiento liberal-democrático como la última ideología propia del fin de la historia, en este texto se considera que tal apreciación no es correcta pues ese pensamiento se apoya fundamentalmente en dos pilares, la democracia y la defensa de unos derechos humanos, que se encuentran en una tensión, que lejos de mostrar signos de agotamiento ideológico, constituye el núcleo teórico de la reflexión jurídico-política a lo largo del siglo veinte. La prueba más evidente de tal afirmación (...) la constituye el pensamiento de autores como Kelsen, Hart y Habermas, desde el que se ha intentado lograr la armonización entre el principio de la soberanía popular y el reconocimiento de una serie de límites al ejercicio del principio de las mayorías. (shrink)

This text considers the results of the western powers’ recognition of Kososvo’s independence from three perspectives: firstly, the possible consequences (of which what is happening in Georgia already gives us some proof) of this independence proclaimed and recognised outside the provisions of international law, and which can be considered a precedent in other territories with similar problems; secondly, it proposes, following Hegel, a rational conception of the state, far removed from ideas of ethnicity based on race, language, and so on, (...) in which nationalism finds its inspiration. Finally, it analyses and criticises from the Hegelian perspective, as updated by the reasoning of authors such as Habermas, the foundations of nationalism, especially its mistaken defence of the pre-eminence of collective over individual rights. (shrink)

In this paper we study the presence of elements related to Roman games in the work of the bishop Paulinus of Nola (355-431 AD). References to shows inhis work are not as abundant as they occurs among his contemporaries. Nevertheless, many of these references possess a great importance for us. Certainly, they are similar to other allusions made by his contemporaries; however they express the opinion of one of the most famous and prestigious bishops of the Late Antiquity about these (...) popular exhibitions. In his writings we can see his criticism of the waste of wealth in the organization of the Roman games, and also the use of a metaphorical language with ludical reminiscences whose origins go back to Paul of Tarsus. (shrink)

Reconocida la función creadora del juez y especialmente la del juez constitucional, que puede poner en cuestión mediante sus decisiones la capacidad normativa del propio poder legislativo, hasta el extremo de llegar a anular la ley adoptada por éste, se plantean dos cuestiones. La primera consiste en establecer los antecedentes de por qué el poder judicial es poder. En la segunda se aborda de manera específica el poder de la justicia constitucional con la finalidad de adentrarse en el problema central (...) de todo poder, el de su legitimidad enfrentada, en este último caso de manera evidente, a la legitimidad democrática del legislador. (shrink)